
Early Life | Ignaz Semmelweis (1818 -1865) | Book Excerpt
“Defective conventional school education had left his vision clear to see only what was to be seen, and his intellectual faculties free — so that he could think for himself and form independent judgments and logical inductions from the facts of experience.”

The Female Physician Who Popularised the Pap Smear | BBC
“Dickens saw the Pap smear as an opportunity to change this lopsided narrative and prevent thousands of needless black deaths. She framed her aim in terms of racial progress. “It is necessary that expectant mothers have early and adequate pre-natal care in order that we may build a race physically strong and free from disease,” she told the Philadelphia Tribune in 1946.”

The Networks of Women Behind the Polio Vaccine | Lady Science
“Ward and colleagues used notoriously dangerous (and now defunct) oral pipettes. The technique involved sucking on a glass straw to take up liquids before removing the pipette from the mouth to release the liquid into another container. Ward was only ever one strong suck away from getting a mouth full of deadly polio. “